- Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Number
- Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Definition
- Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Using Openssl
- Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Parameters To Support Ssh Version 2
Azure Key Vault supports sign and verify operations and can be used to implement Digital Signatures. In this post, we will explore how to sign and verify a message using Key Vault. Verifying the hash locally is the recommended approach as per the documentation and we will explore how this can be achieved.
This tutorial covers how to make use of client-side storage encryption with Azure Key Vault. It walks you through how to encrypt and decrypt a blob in a console application using these technologies.
Estimated time to complete: 20 minutes
For overview information about Azure Key Vault, see What is Azure Key Vault?.
For overview information about client-side encryption for Azure Storage, see Client-Side Encryption and Azure Key Vault for Microsoft Azure Storage.
Prerequisites
To complete this tutorial, you must have the following:
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- An Azure Storage account
- Visual Studio 2013 or later
- Azure PowerShell
Overview of client-side encryption
For an overview of client-side encryption for Azure Storage, see Client-Side Encryption and Azure Key Vault for Microsoft Azure Storage
Here is a brief description of how client side encryption works:
- The Azure Storage client SDK generates a content encryption key (CEK), which is a one-time-use symmetric key.
- Customer data is encrypted using this CEK.
- The CEK is then wrapped (encrypted) using the key encryption key (KEK). The KEK is identified by a key identifier and can be an asymmetric key pair or a symmetric key and can be managed locally or stored in Azure Key Vault. The Storage client itself never has access to the KEK. It just invokes the key wrapping algorithm that is provided by Key Vault. Customers can choose to use custom providers for key wrapping/unwrapping if they want.
- The encrypted data is then uploaded to the Azure Storage service.
Set up your Azure Key Vault
In order to proceed with this tutorial, you need to do the following steps, which are outlined in the tutorial Quickstart: Set and retrieve a secret from Azure Key Vault by using a .NET web app:
- Create a key vault.
- Add a key or secret to the key vault.
- Register an application with Azure Active Directory.
- Authorize the application to use the key or secret.
Make note of the ClientID and ClientSecret that were generated when registering an application with Azure Active Directory.
Create both keys in the key vault. We assume for the rest of the tutorial that you have used the following names: ContosoKeyVault and TestRSAKey1.
Create a console application with packages and AppSettings
In Visual Studio, create a new console application.
Add necessary nuget packages in the Package Manager Console.
Add AppSettings to the App.Config.
Add the following using directives and make sure to add a reference to System.Configuration to the project.
Add a method to get a token to your console application
The following method is used by Key Vault classes that need to authenticate for access to your key vault.
Access Azure Storage and Key Vault in your program
In the Main() method, add the following code.
Note
Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Number
Key Vault Object Models
It is important to understand that there are actually two Key Vault object models to be aware of: one is based on the REST API (KeyVault namespace) and the other is an extension for client-side encryption.
The Key Vault Client interacts with the REST API and understands JSON Web Keys and secrets for the two kinds of things that are contained in Key Vault.
The Key Vault Extensions are classes that seem specifically created for client-side encryption in Azure Storage. They contain an interface for keys (IKey) and classes based on the concept of a Key Resolver. There are two implementations of IKey that you need to know: RSAKey and SymmetricKey. Now they happen to coincide with the things that are contained in a Key Vault, but at this point they are independent classes (so the Key and Secret retrieved by the Key Vault Client do not implement IKey).
Encrypt blob and upload
Add the following code to encrypt a blob and upload it to your Azure storage account. The ResolveKeyAsync method that is used returns an IKey.
Note
If you look at the BlobEncryptionPolicy constructor, you will see that it can accept a key and/or a resolver. Be aware that right now you cannot use a resolver for encryption because it does not currently support a default key.
Decrypt blob and download
Decryption is really when using the Resolver classes make sense. The ID of the key used for encryption is associated with the blob in its metadata, so there is no reason for you to retrieve the key and remember the association between key and blob. You just have to make sure that the key remains in Key Vault.
The private key of an RSA Key remains in Key Vault, so for decryption to occur, the Encrypted Key from the blob metadata that contains the CEK is sent to Key Vault for decryption.
https://wopngv.weebly.com/blog/oculus-go-download-video-frm-mac. Add the following to decrypt the blob that you just uploaded.
Note
There are a couple of other kinds of resolvers to make key management easier, including: AggregateKeyResolver and CachingKeyResolver.
Use Key Vault secrets
The way to use a secret with client-side encryption is via the SymmetricKey class because a secret is essentially a symmetric key. But, as noted above, a secret in Key Vault does not map exactly to a SymmetricKey. There are a few things to understand:
- The key in a SymmetricKey has to be a fixed length: 128, 192, 256, 384, or 512 bits.
- The key in a SymmetricKey should be Base64 encoded.
- A Key Vault secret that will be used as a SymmetricKey needs to have a Content Type of 'application/octet-stream' in Key Vault.
Here is an example in PowerShell of creating a secret in Key Vault that can be used as a SymmetricKey.Please note that the hard coded value, $key, is for demonstration purpose only. In your own code you'll want to generate this key.
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In your console application, you can use the same call as before to retrieve this secret as a SymmetricKey.
That's it. Enjoy!
Next steps
Free starcraft 2 download mac. For more information about using Microsoft Azure Storage with C#, see Microsoft Azure Storage Client Library for .NET.
For more information about the Blob REST API, see Blob Service REST API.
For the latest information on Microsoft Azure Storage, go to the Microsoft Azure Storage Team Blog.
-->Note
This feature is in preview and available only in the Azure regions East US 2 EUAP and Central US EUAP.
For added assurance when you use Azure Key Vault, you can import or generate a key in a hardware security module (HSM); the key will never leave the HSM boundary. This scenario often is referred to as bring your own key (BYOK). Key Vault uses the nCipher nShield family of HSMs (FIPS 140-2 Level 2 validated) to protect your keys.
Use the information in this article to help you plan for, generate, and transfer your own HSM-protected keys to use with Azure Key Vault.
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This functionality is not available for Azure China 21Vianet.
This import method is available only for supported HSMs.
For more information, and for a tutorial to get started using Key Vault (including how to create a key vault for HSM-protected keys), see What is Azure Key Vault?.
Overview
Here's an overview of the process. Specific steps to complete are described later in the article.
- In Key Vault, generate a key (referred to as a Key Exchange Key (KEK)). The KEK must be an RSA-HSM key that has only the
importkey operation. Only Key Vault Premium SKU supports RSA-HSM keys. - Download the KEK public key as a .pem file.
- Transfer the KEK public key to an offline computer that is connected to an on-premises HSM.
- In the offline computer, use the BYOK tool provided by your HSM vendor to create a BYOK file.
- The target key is encrypted with a KEK, which stays encrypted until it is transferred to the Key Vault HSM. Only the encrypted version of your key leaves the on-premises HSM.
- A KEK that's generated inside a Key Vault HSM is not exportable. HSMs enforce the rule that no clear version of a KEK exists outside a Key Vault HSM.
- The KEK must be in the same key vault where the target key will be imported.
- When the BYOK file is uploaded to Key Vault, a Key Vault HSM uses the KEK private key to decrypt the target key material and import it as an HSM key. This operation happens entirely inside a Key Vault HSM. The target key always remains in the HSM protection boundary.
Prerequisites
The following table lists prerequisites for using BYOK in Azure Key Vault:
| Requirement | More information |
|---|---|
| An Azure subscription | To create a key vault in Azure Key Vault, you need an Azure subscription. Sign up for a free trial. |
| A Key Vault Premium SKU to import HSM-protected keys | For more information about the service tiers and capabilities in Azure Key Vault, see Key Vault Pricing. |
| An HSM from the supported HSMs list and a BYOK tool and instructions provided by your HSM vendor | You must have permissions for an HSM and basic knowledge of how to use your HSM. See Supported HSMs. |
| Azure CLI version 2.1.0 or later | See Install the Azure CLI. |
Supported HSMs
| Vendor name | Vendor Type | Supported HSM models | More information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thales | Manufacturer | SafeNet Luna HSM 7 family with firmware version 7.3 or later | SafeNet Luna BYOK tool and documentation |
| Fortanix | HSM as a Service | Self-Defending Key Management Service (SDKMS) | Exporting SDKMS keys to Cloud Providers for BYOK - Azure Key Vault |
Note
To import HSM-protected keys from the nCipher nShield family of HSMs, use the legacy BYOK procedure.
Supported key types
| Key name | Key type | Key size | Origin | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Exchange Key (KEK) | RSA | 2,048-bit 3,072-bit 4,096-bit | Azure Key Vault HSM | An HSM-backed RSA key pair generated in Azure Key Vault |
| Target key | RSA | 2,048-bit 3,072-bit 4,096-bit | Vendor HSM | The key to be transferred to the Azure Key Vault HSM |
Generate and transfer your key to the Key Vault HSM
To generate and transfer your key to a Key Vault HSM:
Step 1: Generate a KEK
A KEK is an RSA key that's generated in a Key Vault HSM. The KEK is used to encrypt the key you want to import (the target key).
The KEK must be:
- An RSA-HSM key (2,048-bit; 3,072-bit; or 4,096-bit)
- Generated in the same key vault where you intend to import the target key
- Created with allowed key operations set to
import
Note
The KEK must have 'import' as the only allowed key operation. 'import' is mutually exclusive with all other key operations.
Use the az keyvault key create command to create a KEK that has key operations set to import. Record the key identifier (kid) that's returned from the following command. (You will use the kid value in Step 3.)
Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Definition
Step 2: Download the KEK public key
Use az keyvault key download to download the KEK public key to a .pem file. The target key you import is encrypted by using the KEK public key.
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Transfer the KEKforBYOK.publickey.pem file to your offline computer. You will need this file in the next step.
Step 3: Generate and prepare your key for transfer
Refer to your HSM vendor's documentation to download and install the BYOK tool. Follow instructions from your HSM vendor to generate a target key, and then create a key transfer package (a BYOK file). The BYOK tool will use the kid from Step 1 and the KEKforBYOK.publickey.pem file you downloaded in Step 2 to generate an encrypted target key in a BYOK file.
Transfer the BYOK file to your connected computer.
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Importing RSA 1,024-bit keys is not supported. Currently, importing an Elliptic Curve (EC) key is not supported.
Known issue: Importing an RSA 4K target key from SafeNet Luna HSMs is only supported with firmware 7.4.0 or newer.
Step 4: Transfer your key to Azure Key Vault
To complete the key import, transfer the key transfer package (a BYOK file) from your disconnected computer to the internet-connected computer. Use the az keyvault key import command to upload the BYOK file to the Key Vault HSM.
Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Using Openssl
How to download more templates word mac. If the upload is successful, Azure CLI displays the properties of the imported key.
Next steps
Using Azure Key Vault To Generate Rsa Key Pair Parameters To Support Ssh Version 2
You can now use this HSM-protected key in your key vault. For more information, see this price and feature comparison.